However, measurement and observations cannot be valid unless they are reliable and accurate. A faulty measuring device can consistently provide a wrong value therefore providing reliably incorrect results. Measurements and other observations can be reliable without being valid. The relationship between reliability and validity can be confusing. Validity relates to whether the measurements you are taking are caused by the phenomena you are interested in. It is important that we encourage students to predict expected results and even predict ranges of data. Where data is collected, quantified or evaluated, reliability refers to the ability of the data gathering process to provide results that are consistent and within expected ranges. The need for accuracy of data should influence the choice of equipment for conducting first-hand investigations. ![]() ![]() In the context of students planning first-hand investigations, issues relating to accuracy, reliability and validity will impact on the choice of the measuring device and how confident you are about the conclusions drawn from the results of the investigation.
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